All of them are violations of first amendment free speech laws. If a crime deserves 1 year in jail but saying a nasty word ups the ante to 5 years in jail then clearly the speech adds an additional four years.
http://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/election/1080
"Incidents like the 2006 Duke Lacrosse case, in which three students were falsely accused of hate crimes, showcase the dangerous rush to judgment found in these types of cases. The charges were brought by a prosecutor fighting for election and the students were crucified by the national media. In addition, federal prosecutors could charge those accused of hate crimes in a federal court even if they were found innocent in a state court, avoiding the ban on double jeopardy."
http://www.thelantern.com/opinion/hate-crime-legislation-unconstitutional-redundant-1.855495
This isn’t paranoia, as the pink guillotine has already used similar laws overseas to persecute people uttering unfashionable beliefs. For instance, Ake Green, a Swedish pastor imprisoned for preaching against homosexuality in a sermon. And then there was Bill Whatcott, a Christian who was fined $20,000 by the Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission for criticizing homosexuality, just to mention a couple of cases. (note: there was no other crime other than speech)
http://www.jbs.org/jbs-news-feed/4812
Marriage laws are still on the books so I suppose the courts have held them to be constitutional and not discriminatory. And I did not know that you have been alive for centuries.