The definition of a scientific theory - Stephen J. Gould described this best:
In the American vernacular, "theory" often means "imperfect fact"--part of a hierarchy of confidence running downhill from fact to theory to hypothesis to guess. Thus the power of the creationist argument: evolution is "only" a theory and intense debate now rages about many aspects of the theory. If evolution is worse than a fact, and scientists can't even make up their minds about the theory, then what confidence can we have in it? Indeed, President Reagan echoed this argument before an evangelical group in Dallas when he said (in what I devoutly hope was campaign rhetoric): "Well, it is a theory. It is a scientific theory only, and it has in recent years been challenged in the world of science--that is, not believed in the scientific community to be as infallible as it once was."
Well evolution is a theory. It is also a fact. And facts and theories are different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty. Facts are the world's data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts. Facts don't go away when scientists debate rival theories to explain them. Einstein's theory of gravitation replaced Newton's in this century, but apples didn't suspend themselves in midair, pending the outcome. And humans evolved from ape-like ancestors whether they did so by Darwin's proposed mechanism or by some other yet to be discovered.
Moreover, "fact" doesn't mean "absolute certainty"; there ain't no such animal in an exciting and complex world. The final proofs of logic and mathematics flow deductively from stated premises and achieve certainty only because they are not about the empirical world. Evolutionists make no claim for perpetual truth, though creationists often do (and then attack us falsely for a style of argument that they themselves favor). In science "fact" can only mean "confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional consent." I suppose that apples might start to rise tomorrow, but the possibility does not merit equal time in physics classrooms.
Evolutionists have been very clear about this distinction of fact and theory from the very beginning, if only because we have always acknowledged how far we are from completely understanding the mechanisms (theory) by which evolution (fact) occurred. Darwin continually emphasized the difference between his two great and separate accomplishments: establishing the fact of evolution, and proposing a theory--natural selection--to explain the mechanism of evolution.
- Stephen J. Gould, " Evolution as Fact and Theory"; Discover, May 1981
Also:
Let me try to make crystal clear what is established beyond reasonable doubt, and what needs further study, about evolution. Evolution as a process that has always gone on in the history of the earth can be doubted only by those who are ignorant of the evidence or are resistant to evidence, owing to emotional blocks or to plain bigotry. By contrast, the mechanisms that bring evolution about certainly need study and clarification. There are no alternatives to evolution as history that can withstand critical examination. Yet we are constantly learning new and important facts about evolutionary mechanisms.
- Theodosius Dobzhansky "Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution", American Biology Teacher vol. 35 (March 1973) reprinted in Evolution versus Creationism, J. Peter Zetterberg ed., ORYX Press, Phoenix AZ 1983
According to Wikipedia:
The defining characteristic of a scientific theory is that it makes falsifiable or testable predictions about things not yet observed. The relevance, and specificity of those predictions determine how (potentially) useful the theory is. A would-be theory which makes no predictions which can be observed is not a useful theory. Predictions which are not sufficiently specific to be tested are similarly not useful. In both cases, the term 'theory' is inapplicable.
In practice a body of descriptions of knowledge is usually only called a theory once it has a minimum empirical basis. That is, it:
* is consistent with pre-existing theory to the extent that the pre-existing theory was experimentally verified, though it will often show pre-existing theory to be wrong in an exact sense, and
* is supported by many strands of evidence rather than a single foundation, ensuring that it is probably a good approximation, if not totally correct.
Your comments concerning transition forms is an example of tunnel vision. Because you claim evolution has proceeded since the inception of life virtually every fossil should show some sign of transition. Every bird should be seamlessly evolving into Bird 2.0 and immediately into Bird 2.1. Every fossil (or certainly most every fossil), should show clear signs of transition. So why are these darn transition fossils so scarce? One measure of a hypothesis/theory is how well it predicts conditions. In this case, the hypothesis/theory of evolution is a lousy predicter.
Instead the fossil record contains very, very few transitional forms and most of those are disputed which means they are not clearly transitions to the experts. The fossil record supports Biblical assertions: Each species has a time on Earth and then extinction. Then a new species arises, seemingly spontaneously. The fossil record supports this position far more strongly than transition.
Transitions have never been observed, even in insects with short lives, and this is still an area of great speculation and no verification, even after 150 years. Speculation but no verification. No mutated fruit fly has ever turned into anything but another fruit fly. No mutrated fruit flies are birds or worms or fish or flowers. Only fruit flies. And none of the mutated fruit flies has ever demonstrated improvement. On the contrary, after mutation, they can't fly or are missing wings or have other serious impairments. I thought evolution required major improvements to be made. Bigger, stronger, faster, smarter. Instead mutations produce cripples.
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I've discussed transitional fossils and genetic mutations before in another thread so I don't want to go over it again but here is are two good links:
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-transitional.html
http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB910.html
And the possiblility of increasing complexity and increasing organization over time violates the entropy law of thermodynamics which has been verified. So your belief system is based on speculation and interpretation rather than verification.
Entropy:
http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CF/CF001.html