SES Impacts the Lives of the People With a Disability
Persons with a disability are likely to have limited opportunities to earn income and often have increased medical expenses. Disabilities among children and adults may affect the socioeconomic standing of entire families. It is estimated that over 40 million people in America have some level of disability, and many of these individuals live in poverty (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006). Although the Americans with Disabilities Act assures equal opportunities in education and employment for people with and without disabilities and prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability, people with disabilities remain overrepresented among America’s poor and undereducated. Some data suggest causal relationships between low SES and the development of disability in late adulthood (Coppin et al., 2006). These barriers contribute to discrepancies in wealth and socioeconomic opportunities for persons with a disability and their families.
Income and Poverty for People With a Disability
The Federal government has two major programs to assist persons with disabilities. Supplemental Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is an insurance program for workers who have become disabled and unable to work after years of paying Social Security taxes. In this program, a higher income yields higher SSDI earnings. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a welfare program for individuals with low income and poor resources. Despite these and other forms of assistance, persons with disabilities are more likely to be unemployed and live in poverty. The American Association of People With Disabilities (AAPD) estimates that two thirds of people with disabilities are of working age and want to work. The high incidence of poverty among persons with a disability fuels doubts about the sufficiency of public assistance to these individuals.
Results from the 2006 American Community Survey (ACS) reveal significant disparities in the median incomes for those with and without disabilities. Median earnings for people with no disability were over $28,000 compared to the $17,000 median income reported for individuals with a disability (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006).
In an effort to investigate unemployment disparities, a recent study surveyed Human Resources and project managers about their perceptions of hiring persons with disabilities. Results indicated that these professionals held negative perceptions related to the productivity, social maturity, interpersonal skills, and psychological adjustment of persons with disabilities (Chan, 2008)
For individuals who are blind and visually impaired, unemployment rates exceed 70% (American Psychological Association Task Force on Socioeconomic Status, 2007).
Among older veterans living below the poverty level, over 50% have a disability (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006).