"On the night of Aug. 4,
the Pentagon proclaimed that a second attack by North Vietnamese PT boats had occurred earlier that day in the Tonkin Gulf — a report cited by President Johnson as he went on national TV that evening to announce a momentous escalation in the war: air strikes against North Vietnam.
But Johnson ordered U.S. bombers to "retaliate" for a North Vietnamese torpedo attack that never happened.
Prior to the U.S. air strikes,
top officials in Washington had reason to doubt that any Aug. 4 attack by North Vietnam had occurred.
Cables from the U.S. task force commander in the Tonkin Gulf, Captain John J. Herrick, referred to "freak weather effects," "almost total darkness" and an "overeager sonarman" who "was hearing ship's own propeller beat."
Why such inaccurate news coverage? Wells points to the media's
"almost exclusive reliance on U.S. government officials as sources of information" — as well as
"reluctance to question official pronouncements on 'national security issues.'"