United States
Main article: Separation of church and state in the United States
John Locke, English political philosopher argued for individual conscience, free from state control
The concept of separating church and state is often credited to the writings of English philosopher John Locke.[9] According to his principle of the social contract, Locke argued that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he argued must therefore remain protected from any government authority. These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience, along with his social contract, became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution.[10]
The concept was implicit in the flight of Roger Williams from religious oppression in Massachusetts to found what became Rhode Island on the principle of state neutrality in matters of faith.[11][12]
But yes, it works both ways. The central issue is a 'liberty of conscience', which is not necessarily confined to religious questions. To make this an issue exclusive to religion is completely missing the point.
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