Self-awareness, rationality and a greater capacity to feel pain are NOT what makes one human. They are merely manifestations of our human-ness.
The imperative states that we must respect HUMAN EXISTENCE in whatever form it manifests. Clearly, deer or moose isn't human existence.
I
didn't say that those things made anyone "human."
I said that they were what constituted
personhood, and while a fetus may be a "human being" in that it is indisputably a member of the human species, it is not a
person in that it does not possess such characteristics. Species membership is not a sufficient dividing line between persons and nonpersons since some nonhuman animals, (such as chimpanzees for instance), possess a greater level of self-awareness, rationality, and a greater capacity to feel pain than a fetus does.
The reason that these factors are morally relevant is because possession of such characteristics enables a being to experience a greater amount of suffering than other beings. If you regard the maximization of happiness and the minimization of suffering as commendable goals, we have some basic meta-ethical foundations to start out from. Now, starting out from there, we would note that self-aware beings have the capacity to form preferences and interests about the future. Thus, killing them serves to inhibit the satisfaction of those preferences and interests. Conversely, fetuses are not self-aware beings and thus cannot form such preferences and interests. As a result, their preferences and interests cannot be denied, since they do not possess any.
But they, and other qualities, have been used by people for eons to define the people in the next village or the people who are black or jewish as not persons.
In what regard are blacks and Jews not self-aware, rational beings?
We should not confuse being human with being a person. Being a human is easy to understand. People are humans and other animals are not. Being a person is harder to define.
I would not necessarily claim that other nonhuman animals are not persons. I think animals such as chimpanzees might qualify as persons.
If, without any cause other than that is what one wants, one defines being a person as self aware then a deer or a mouse might be persons. But again, this definition of personhood is not what has traditionally been meant by the word person. for ages and ages being a person just meant being a human. Our legal system assumed that being a human meant you were a person and legal dictionaries made that clear. Recently, and only after attacks on Roe versus Wade, with few exdceptions, did the bogus idea of personhood being about sentience or whatever come into vogue. And history has clearly shown that the re-definers of personhood have always been those who want to marginalize some group of people so they could be enslaved or killed.
Deer and moose are not self-aware, and you do not understand the meaning of self-awareness. Deer and moose possess
basic awareness, but self-awareness is not mere awareness, but would be better defined as
awareness of that awareness. Self-awareness is best defined as the ability to view oneself as a conscious entity existing over time. Hence, personhood is related to
sapience, as opposed to sentience, as you improperly claim.
The legal definition of personhood is also irrelevant to the ethical definition. For instance, although Dred Scott was defined as a "nonperson" by the law, he was very much a person in the ethical sense.
What "group of people" (blacks, Jews, or any other minority group that you previously mentioned) would be "marginalized" through basing a definition of personhood on self-awareness? Are they not self-aware?
I don't exactly believe that wanting to define some nonhuman animals as persons and encourage more humane treatment of all animals involves "marginalizing some group of people," but if that's what you want to believe, there's probably little that I can do to stop you.