Unless something has been discovered recently, there is no reason to assume gravity travels at "infinite speed", nor is their a reason why it must. If gravity is caused by some yet undiscovered particle or quantum of energy, such as the photon, then one could possibly argue it obeys the sames laws as light and travels at a finite speed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_gravity
Isaac Newton's formulation of a gravitational force law requires that each particle respond
instantaneously to every other massive particle irrespective of the distance between them.
In modern terms, Newtonian gravitation is described by the Poisson equation, according to which, when the mass distribution of a system changes, its gravitational field instantaneously adjusts.
Therefore the theory requires the speed of gravity to be infinite.
Without going into a debate on whether there is such a thing as a finite 'speed of gravity', a question the answers for which leave more room for speculation than fact, -- is that enough proof that the true nature of gravity isn't fully known yet at this point in time?
Do not worry yourself too much, though. I hold your highschool physics teacher wholly responsible for the above slip.
In fact, the fairly recent discovery that the universe is expanding at an ever accelerating rate defies all scientific logic about gravity.
Ah, at least someone seems to grasp what I've been saying all along. Yes, the universe couldn't be expanding if gravity is the only tendency governing physical cosmology. We would have experienced the big crunch ages ago, certainly well before the estimated age of 13 billion years. Therefore, it is only logical to postulate something that counter-acts gravity, which is called lambda.
However, postulating lambda gives rise to more questions than it actually solves. In fact, lambda itself, is an enduring cosmological riddle that has found no acceptable solution to this day.
So we may discover that gravity has different rules at a micro level (say, at the level of our galaxy) than it does on a macro level (ie, the universe). This would be a logical presumption if gravity proves to be similar to other sub-atomic particles.
Hmmm?
Im not even sure what you are trying to say here.
http://physics.wustl.edu/cmw/SpeedofGravity.html
How can we really measure the speed of propagation of gravity?
If we could measure the effects on the Shapiro delay to order (v/c)^2, then we could test the speed of gravity.
But these effects would be at the thousandths of a picosecond level, hopelessly small.
The real way to measure the speed of gravity is to detect and study gravitational waves. By comparing the arrival of a gravitational-wave signal with that of an electromagnetic signal from an astrophysical source,
one could compare the speed of gravity to that of light to parts in 10^(17).
As far as the question "do you believe in gravity", it can be answered the same way Descartes answered the question about whether man exists, "I think, therefore I am." Only in this case "I feel gravity, therefore it exists."
Of course, if you put it that way, then we all know gravity exists. The difficult part is holding this 'existence' to a standard of scientific scrutiny.
And, as I have previously stated, the thread starter was entirely in the correct rational frame of mind to have asked the question.